{"id":516,"date":"2023-11-23T01:32:41","date_gmt":"2023-11-23T01:32:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ww2.topquadrant.com\/reification-capturing-facts-about-facts\/"},"modified":"2024-02-02T02:17:00","modified_gmt":"2024-02-02T02:17:00","slug":"reification-capturing-facts-about-facts","status":"publish","type":"epkb_post_type_1","link":"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1=reification-capturing-facts-about-facts","title":{"rendered":"Reification \u2013 Capturing facts about facts"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\t\t<div id=\"eckb-article-page-container-v2\" class=\"eckb-article-page-content-counter eckb_ap_active_theme_hello-elementor \" data-mobile_breakpoint=\"768\">    <div id=\"eckb-article-header\">\r\n\t\t<div id=\"epkb-ml__module-search\" class=\"epkb-ml__module\">   \r\n\t\t<!-- Classic Search Layout -->\r\n\t\t<div id=\"epkb-ml-search-classic-layout\">    \t\t<div class=\"epkb-ml-search-title\">Resource Hub<\/div>   \t\t\t<form id=\"epkb-ml-search-form\" method=\"get\" action=\"\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"epkb_kb_id\" value=\"1\" >\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<!-- Search Input Box -->\r\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"epkb-ml-search-box\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"epkb-ml-search-box__input\" type=\"text\" name=\"s\" value=\"\" aria-label=\"Search our resources...\" placeholder=\"Search our resources...\" aria-controls=\"epkb-ml-search-results\" >\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"epkb-ml-search-box__btn\" type=\"submit\">\r\n                        <span class=\"epkb-ml-search-box__text\"> Search<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"epkbfa epkbfa-spinner epkbfa-ml-loading-icon\"><\/span>\r\n                    <\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<!-- Search Results -->\r\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"epkb-ml-search-results\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/form>\r\n\t\t<\/div>  \r\n\t\t<\/div>  <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"eckb-article-body\">  <div id=\"eckb-article-left-sidebar\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"eckb-article-toc  eckb-article-toc--bmode-between eckb-article-toc-reset \"\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tdata-offset=\"130\"\r\n\t\t\t\tdata-min=\"2\"\r\n\t\t\t\tdata-max=\"6\"\r\n\t\t\t\tdata-speed=\"300\"\r\n\t\t\t\tdata-exclude_class=\"\"\r\n\t\t\t\t><div class=\"eckb-article-toc__title\">Table of Contents<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t        <article id=\"eckb-article-content\" data-article-id=\"516\" >                        <div id=\"eckb-article-content-header-v2\"><div id=\"eckb-article-content-header-row-1\"><div class=\"eckb-article-content-header-row-left-group\"><div id=\"eckb-article-back-navigation-container\"><div class=\"eckb-navigation-back  \"  style=\"margin-top: 4px; margin-right: 15px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 4px;\" ><div tabindex=\"0\" class=\"eckb-navigation-button\"  style=\"padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; color: #1e73be; background-color: #ffffff; font-size:14px;border-radius: 3px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: #b5b5b5;\"  onclick=\"history.go(-1);\" >&lt; All Topics<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"eckb-article-content-breadcrumb-container\">\r\n<div class=\"eckb-breadcrumb\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 4px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 4px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size:14px;\" >\t\t<nav class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-outline\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\r\n\t\t<ul class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-nav\">       <li  style=\"font-size:14px;\" >\t<span class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-link\"><a tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?page_id=1484\"><span  style=\"color: #1e73be;\"  >Main<\/span><\/a><span class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-link-icon ep_font_icon_arrow_carrot_right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t<\/span><\/li><li  style=\"font-size:14px;\" >\t<span class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-link\"><a tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=ontologies\"><span  style=\"color: #1e73be;\"  >Ontologies<\/span><\/a><span class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-link-icon ep_font_icon_arrow_carrot_right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t<\/span><\/li><li  style=\"font-size:14px;\" >\t<span class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-link\"><span aria-current=\"page\" style=\"color: #1e73be;\"  >Reification \u2013 Capturing facts about facts<\/span>\t<\/span><\/li>\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t<\/nav>\r\n\r\n<\/div>          <\/div><\/div><div class=\"eckb-article-content-header-row-right-group\"><div id=\"eckb-article-content-toolbar-container\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"eckb-article-content-toolbar-button-container\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-print-button-container\">\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-toolbar-button-text\">Print<\/span><span class=\"eckb-toolbar-button-icon epkbfa epkbfa-print\"><\/span>\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div> <\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"eckb-article-content-header-row-2\"><div class=\"eckb-article-content-header-row-left-group\"><div id=\"eckb-article-content-title-container\"><h1 class=\"eckb-article-title\">Reification \u2013 Capturing facts about facts<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"eckb-article-content-body\"><h5 id=\"\"><strong id=\"\">What is Reification?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p id=\"\">While the name may sound complex, the concept is easy to understand. Reification is a technical term used in talking about possible approaches to making statements about facts captured in a graph. Let\u2019s look at a simple example:<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">Consider a statement saying that Irene works for TopQuadrant. In this statement, we have two nodes and one link.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center\" data-rt-type=\"image\" data-rt-align=\"center\">\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ww2.topquadrant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/63233efd08caea28bda78349_reification-blog2-768x119.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p id=\"\">We can describe this type of information using a simple model that says that people can work for organizations.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center\" data-rt-type=\"image\" data-rt-align=\"center\">\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ww2.topquadrant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/63233dab617eed80f5d0db1c_reification-blog1-300x271.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p id=\"\">We may, however, need to capture more information about Irene\u2019s work at TopQuadrant, such as:<\/p>\n<ul id=\"\">\n<li id=\"\">What is Irene\u2019s role at TopQuadrant?<\/li>\n<li id=\"\">How long has she been with TopQuadrant?<\/li>\n<li id=\"\">How do we know that she works at TopQuadrant \u2013 what is the source of this information?<\/li>\n<li id=\"\">etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"\">Why being able to capture such additional information is called reification?<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">Because answers to these questions are not independent facts, but rather facts that provide more information about the \u201cworks for\u201d relationship between Irene and TopQuadrant. We are effectively turning the statement {Irene \u201cworks for\u201d TopQuadrant} into a resource or an entity \u2013 so that we could talk about it.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">In this example we demonstrate adding new facts about a relationship between two resources: Irene and TopQuadrant. However, approaches described here work exactly the same when adding information to a statement with a literal value e.g., if we needed to say something about Irene\u2019s birth date.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"\"><strong id=\"\">Approaches to Reification<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p id=\"\">There are four main approaches:<\/p>\n<h6 id=\"\"><strong id=\"\">1. Using named graphs<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p id=\"\">In some situations, named graphs can address the need to provide more information about graph statements.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">Named graphs let us give a subgraph of a larger graph its own identity. &nbsp;A graph is a set of triple statements. It can be arbitrarily large e.g., all statements in your graph database.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">We can say that some of the statements (a subset) belong not only to a larger, overall graph, but also to some smaller graph which we then name. As an example, each asset collection in <a href=\"https:\/\/stage.topquadrant.com\/products\/topbraid-enterprise-data-governance\/\" id=\"\">TopBraid EDG<\/a> is a named graph and it has its own information. Partitioning into subgraphs is a useful concept for a number of reasons. Let\u2019s see how it could satisfy the needs in our example.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">Let\u2019s say we identify as a subgraph all information about TopQuadrant\u2019s employees that we got from TopQuadrant\u2019s website. We can then say that the source of these statements is TopQuadrant\u2019s website. This approach can work well for information that is stably the same for a reasonably large group of triple statements.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">However, it would not be sensible to use it to capture the start and end of Irene\u2019s employment at TopQuadrant or her job title. Such information is specific to Irene, not to other people. If we decided to use this approach, we would have to create a potentially huge number of named graphs consisting of single triple statements. <\/p>\n<h6 id=\"\"><strong id=\"\">2. Creating a new type\/class<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p id=\"\">We may recognize that a concept of employment is important to us. Therefore, we decide to create a class <em id=\"\">Employment. <\/em>This<em id=\"\"> <\/em>allows us to describe employment. We can say that employment has:<\/p>\n<ul id=\"\">\n<li id=\"\">Employee and employer<\/li>\n<li id=\"\">Start and end<\/li>\n<li id=\"\">Job role and so on<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"\">Our model (ontology) changes from the initial model.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center\" data-rt-type=\"image\" data-rt-align=\"center\">\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ww2.topquadrant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/63234a0714986b032d59144e_reification-blog3.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p id=\"\">Note that the \u201cworks for\u201d relationship is now redundant. We can determine who works for what organization by following Person &lt;-employee\u2013Employment\u2013employer-&gt; Organization links. With this, we do not need to store a direct connection between a person and an organization. In fact, it is best that this connection is not stored if our data is likely to change. Otherwise, we would need to worry about how to ensure that the redundant statements are synchronized e.g., if <em id=\"\">employee<\/em> and <em id=\"\">employer<\/em> links are removed, <em id=\"\">works for<\/em> link needs to be removed as well. We would also need to worry about different ways of stating the information. If both options are open, some data may be using the Person &lt;-employee\u2013Employment\u2013employer-&gt; Organization option, while other data may be using the Person\u2013works for-&gt;Organization option. It is best to agree that we will not store the direct \u201cworks for\u201d statements.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">Here is how our data will look now:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center\" data-rt-type=\"image\" data-rt-align=\"center\">\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ww2.topquadrant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/63234a2c4c5030ef9d7a08ac_reification-blog5-768x184.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p id=\"\">We could keep the \u201cworks for\u201d property in the ontology and dynamically infer it. To do so, we can create a <a href=\"https:\/\/w3c.github.io\/shacl\/shacl-af\/#PropertyValueRule\" id=\"\">property value rule<\/a> that will auto-infer the direct link based on the underlying two links. We could get even fancier and have two properties: works for and worked \u2013 with the corresponding logic to infer their values based on the absence or presence of the end date. Without the inference rule, queries that need to simply get information about who works where, without any details about employment, become a bit more complex.<\/p>\n<h6 id=\"\"><strong id=\"\">3. Using RDF Reification<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p id=\"\">RDF reification is an approach that gives a persistent explicit identity to a statement and does so using the built-in RDF reification vocabulary.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">Statements in a triple store database do already have an identity. But it is an internal identity. You can not refer to it in other statements. It is simply used by a database to manage triple facts, organizing them into different subgraphs. If you export data, you will not see the identity of each statement. It is fleeting and not interchangeable.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">RDF\u2019s native approach to giving an identity to a statement looks like this:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center\" data-rt-type=\"image\" data-rt-align=\"center\">\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ww2.topquadrant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/63234a59a30434502ea35d47_reification-blog4-768x238.png\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p id=\"\">We create a new resource of type <em id=\"\">rdf:Statement<\/em>, describe it in terms of its subject, predicate and object. We now have a new resource named <em id=\"\">IreneAtTopquadrant<\/em> and we can make statements about it. It is understood that when we say something about <em id=\"\">IreneAtTopquadrant, <\/em>we are talking about the \u201cworks for\u201d relationship between Irene and TopQuadrant. In addition to the above data, we must keep our initial statement \u201cIrene works for TopQuadrant\u201d intact. It must continue to remain in the graph.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">This is a more verbose\/bulky approach than the previous one. We just added 4 triples in order to be able to say something about the one statement we already had. The previous approach adds only 3 triples and removes one \u2013 the statement saying that \u201cIrene works for TopQudrant\u201d.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">We did not have to model anything, no new classes or properties are required. The built-in RDF reification vocabulary provided everything necessary to implement this approach. Sometimes, it will be seen as an advantage. However, not defining a model also has its minuses. Without a model, we can not describe what could or should be said about a given type of statement. For example:<\/p>\n<ul id=\"\">\n<li id=\"\">Source of the information is a generally applicable fact \u2013 we could potentially say what is the source of any statement. <\/li>\n<li id=\"\">On the other hand, specifying a job title makes sense only for a statement about someone\u2019s work. It does not make sense if we were, for example, talking about Irene\u2019s place of birth. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"\">Applications using this data would need to check for presence of a reified statement for each triple since there isn\u2019t anything in the model that says where it may be present. Stakeholders preparing the data or trying to understand the data would not have the explicit expression of how the data should look like.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">Of course, we could define subclasses of <em id=\"\">rdf:Statement<\/em> e.g., <em id=\"\">Employment <\/em>with the corresponding properties. Then, we would need to have a way to say that when a statement that describes \u201cworks for\u201d relationship between a person and organization is turned into a resource, that resource must be of type <em id=\"\">Employment<\/em>. If we do this, the solution starts to look more similar to approach #2.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">One key difference compared to approach #2, is that with RDF reification we continue to store the \u201cworks for\u201d statements and only add reifying statements where we need them. As a result, this approach is more economical when additional data about \u201cworks for\u201d relationships is relatively rare. If we expect to have additional information in most cases, then it is better to create a new class with instances of employment. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6 id=\"\"><strong id=\"\">4. Using RDF-star Reification<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p id=\"\">RDF-star (formerly known <em id=\"\">RDF*<\/em>) is an extension to RDF that allows us to treat a triple statement as a resource \u2013 without using RDF vocabulary to declare this. When a product supports RDF-star, a triple can simply become a subject (or object) of <em id=\"\">another<\/em> triple. This addresses the verbosity issue. Data does not grow in the same way as with the plain RDF reification.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">RDF-star is not yet an official W3C standard, but work on the <a href=\"https:\/\/w3c.github.io\/rdf-star\/cg-spec\/editors_draft.html\" id=\"\">specification<\/a> is well under way. TopQuadrant is one of the contributors to the specification document. In the meantime, many of the RDF technology vendors, including TopQuadrant, already implemented support for this concept.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">With RDF-star, there is still a question of how to describe what can be said about a given statement. <a href=\"https:\/\/stage.topquadrant.com\/products\/topbraid-enterprise-data-governance\/\" id=\"\">TopBraid EDG<\/a> supports RDF-star style of reification. And it offers a way to describe in a model what kind of additional facts you can add to a given statement.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">We will talk about how and when to do this in TopBraid EDG <a href=\"https:\/\/stage.topquadrant.com\/rdf-star\/\" id=\"\">in the next blog<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"\">\n<p>\u200d<\/p>\n<p>\u200d<\/p>\n<\/div><div id=\"eckb-article-content-footer\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t        <\/article><!-- \/#eckb-article-content -->     <div id=\"eckb-article-right-sidebar\">\r\n\t\t<style>\r\n\t\t\t.eckb-acll__title {\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor:#666666;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t.eckb-article-cat-layout-list {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color:#fcfcfc;\r\n\t\t\t\tfont-size: 14px !important;\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t.eckb-article-cat-layout-list a {\r\n\t\t\t\tfont-size: 14px !important;\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\tbody .eckb-acll__cat-item__name {\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor:#2b98e5;\r\n\t\t\t\tfont-size: 14px !important;\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t.eckb-acll__cat-item__count 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class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=data-governance\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tData Governance\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t69\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=vocabulary-management\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVocabulary Management\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=knowledge-graphs\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKnowledge Graphs\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t44\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item eckb--acll__cat-item--active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=ontologies\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOntologies\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t15\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=data-fabric\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tData Fabric\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=metadata-management\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMetadata Management\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t21\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=business-glossaries\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBusiness Glossaries\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=semantic-layer\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSemantic Layer\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=reference-data-management\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tReference Data Management\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=uncategorized\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUncategorized\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=data-catalogs\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tData Catalogs\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t16\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=datasets\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDatasets\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=taxonomies\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTaxonomies\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=news\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNews\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=policy-and-compliance\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPolicy and Compliance\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=life-sciences\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLife Sciences\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__count\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"eckb--acll__cat-item \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/mandalay.topquadrant.com\/?epkb_post_type_1_category=automated-operations\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-acll__cat-item__name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAutomated Operations\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span 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